Defining the Concept of Revolution - 804 Words

Revolution Revolutions are events that consists of so many different struggles, challenges, bloodshed, complications as well as victory. Revolution refers to a fundamental change in power or governmental structures thats takes place in a comparatively short period of time. Revolutions have been taking place throughout most of human history. Many of these revolutions have its simmilarites and differences. This essay will focus on the Russian Revolution with the help of discussing two theoretical revolutionary approaches by Marx and Max Weber. Karl Marx is a well-known philospher who paired up with another influential philosopher Friedrich Engles, they then created and deveolped on theories of capitalism, socialism and historical change. The most influential theories were later published in the Communist Manifesto (1848) and the Das Kapital(1867). Marxs thoeries and ideas were not only strong, significant but to some extent was vey controversial which led him to be exiled to Germany. Marx said that history is basically about the struggle between classes for dominance. stating that The history of all hitherto existing society is the of class struggles. The social relations of production involve different classes. The basic determinant of ones class is ones relationship to the means of production. So in any historical period dominant and subservient classes can be identified . Inquality in wealth and pwer was of fundamental moral concern to Marx. SomeShow MoreRelatedDefining the Concept of Revolution1950 Words   |  8 PagesRecent theorists have put forward their definition of a revolution but there does not seem to be a clear concise description. Do protests or demonstrations, the toppling of a president, uprisings and changes in government constitute a revolution? I will explore these different approaches from the theorists and then show which I believe to be a ‘successful revolution’ going back as far as the French Revolution. Revolution refers to a central change in power or governmental structure that takes placeRead MoreA Social Perspective On Class Society1081 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, the underlying social issues in regards to members of a specific class; the concealed feelings of the lower class in relation to their social standing within society, consequently forms a class consciousness therefore determining a social revolution. Marxism being a conflict theory primarily focuses on class and its meaning within society. Having read historiographies around this topic, it has also compelled me to reflect upon what the theory advocates; why a society that embodies classes willRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights Of Women And A Public Speech By Frederick Douglass933 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution produced many changes both in France and in Europe as a whole. The most evident change brought by the French Revolution was the move from absolutism to republicanism that represents a shift towar ds democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was announced in 1789, was arguably the foundations of the human rights and many constitutions in democratic countries like the Britain and America. The concept is based on the â€Å"natural rights† that were establishedRead MoreThe Enlightenment Era Of 1620 And 1789910 Words   |  4 Pagesbooks, scientific discovery and revolution. The Enlightenment Era directly influenced the French and the American revolutions which respectively led to the peak of its influence and its decline. More importantly, the Enlightenment paved way for what came to be referred to as Romanticism in the 19th century (Wade 155). The 17th century pioneers included the Frenchman Renee Descartes and, Englishmen Thomas Hobbes and Francis Bacon. Nevertheless, the French revolution was greatly influenced by the worksRead MoreComparing Lenin s Manuscript, State And Revolution871 Words   |  4 Pages Lenin’s manuscript, State and Revolution, was written during the first inter-imperialist war and published on the eve of the Russian Revolution. This text can be seen as crucial to the socialist movement and the shift of 20th century Russian ideology. The whole of Lenin’s argument is a manifestation of Marx and Engels theories about the existence of the State and the role of government in society. State and Revolution is a purportedly theoretical reflection of how the State is an inherent tool forRead MoreThe Surrender Of Cornwallis At Yorktown988 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end of t he American Revolution but the start of new ideas and a new nation. The American Revolution opened the doors to ingenuity, new traditions, and freedom. The Revolution had an impact on the world around them and in the United States years after it ended. Kingdom of Matthias by Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz explores the life of Elijah Pierson and Robert Mathews or Matthias. Elijah, Matthias and their clan were affected by the ideas that resulted from the revolution including freedom of religionRead MoreBureaucracy1409 Words   |  6 Pagesused. In the strict bureaucratic organization, the monocratic points raised are as follows: ⠝â€" Strict subordination ⠝â€" File knowledge ⠝â€" Certainty ⠝â€" Reduction of friction, material costs. Weber put forward the ideal concept for bureaucracy. He says that bureaucracy is characterised by the hierarchy of labours which is followed by precise rules and regulations. These rules are applied by business professionals who work part time or fulltime in an organization and whoRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesto look at criminal behaviour in a micro sense as ‘an intricate understanding of crime initiates thorough conceptualisation of people and wider society in relation to crime.’ Due to the nature of criminology as a study, there comes a problem with defining what crime itself is. The ‘father of criminology’ Lombroso was recognised as having a stream of thought known as ‘The Lombrosian Project’. This method of approach highlighted the need to examine characteristics of ‘criminals’ and ‘non-criminals’Read MoreHistorical Analysis of The Industrial Revolution 1006 Words   |  5 Pages The Industrial Revolution was one of the most impactful eras in the history of the world. It changed the way we worked, lived, owned, and generally thought. With advent of economic philosophies like capitalism and communism, the way we worked and lived was written down and itemized, and western civilization was never the same. The concepts of jobs, urbanization, and credit might have allowed the world to progress into a veritable economical ecosystem, defining our modern definition of living, butRead MoreThe Era Of The 19th Cent ury1135 Words   |  5 PagesEurope faced an era of revolutions at the wake of the nineteenth century. Long-standing empires, which had traditionally controlled most of the world –including the Spanish, Chinese, French, and Holy Roman Empires –, collapsed at the beginning of the century, allowing the British Empire to rise to power and establish dominance over a fifth of the Earth’s surface. This political revolution was coupled with the industrial revolution. New manufacturing processes called for large industrial factories

An Integrative Literature Review The American Diabetes...

An Integrative Literature Review The American Diabetes association (2014) reports that, approximately 29.1 million U. S. residents are diabetic. They found that 35% to 40% of people died from diabetic related causes. 2010 saw 69,071 death certificate reported deaths listing diabetes as the direct/underlying cause of death, while, 234,051 death certificates lists diabetes as the underlying/contributing cause of death. Diabetes still remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes is a chronic disease, with no remedy and carries many negative effects. Damage to the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, nerves and eyes are among the affected areas. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes related nerve damage, can affect any part of the body. Diabetic patients are encouraged to exercise and practice good nutrition. It is recommended patients undergo screening to help monitor glucose (blood sugar) levels and work with health care professionals to keep blood pressure and cholesterol under control. For the diabetic patient, blood glucose levels must be kept between 80 -140 mg/dl especially prior to and after surgery. Surgery in diabetic patients is connected with longer hospital stays, expanded morbidity and mortality, and postoperative infection. With or without diabetes, intraoperative hyperglycemia is a â€Å"critical marker† for unfavorable events in surgical patients. This review seeks toShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of Preventing Complications From Diabetes3381 Words   |  14 PagesComplications from Diabetes: A Pharmacist’s Role to Improve Diabetes Outcomes Table of Contents: Abstract I. Introduction: According to a 2012 statistic from the American Diabetes Association, diabetes is a prevalent disease in the United States with more than 29.1 million Americans diagnosed or approximately 9.3% of the population. In 2012, the incidence of diabetes was 1.7 million newRead MoreResearch Awareness Essay examples5838 Words   |  24 PagesResearch Awareness for Healthcare Professionals Summative Assignment This report discusses the task of searching for a piece of literature based on the theme of ‘Respect and Dignity’. This is an important topic for all healthcare professionals such as nurses and midwives, doctors, physiotherapists and occupational therapists to be aware of, as service users have a right and an expectation to be treated with respect and dignity at all times when accessing healthcare. The NHS Institute for InnovationRead MoreCapstone Project9055 Words   |  37 Pageshas chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease which often is the cause for premature death. Therefore prescriptive physical activity prescribed by the psychiatrist with support from the assigned nurse to provide much needed education and program structured to support this change in lifestyle is a much needed service provided in the current psychiatric outpatient clinic setting. Physical activity for patients should be seen as integrative care and part of the commonRead MoreBrand Community9592 Words   |  39 Pagesfew years, articles focused on: the marketing concept (Liao, Foreman and Sargeant 2001), donor lifetime value (Sargeant 2001a) and donor loyalty (Sargeant 2001b) have begun to appear in the academic fundraising and voluntary sector literature. The practitioner literature has been a bit quicker to embrace the relationship marketing concept and is currently awash with articles related to applications of customer relationship marketing (CRM), database marketing, relationship marketing, direct responseRead MoreDiet, Micronutrients And Nutrition Supplements2785 Words   |  12 Pagesnon-melanoma skin cancer has become a controversial area of study.2 One of the most disputed controversies in the history of dermatological research has involved the role of nutrition in acne development. It is estimated that greater than 17 million Americans suffer from acne, resulting in negative psychological and emotional impacts.3 The disease e ffects between 80-90% of adolescents in America, yet is also prevalent in many adults, with the average age of treatment being 24. Since acne often persistsRead MorePediatric Safety and Quality11531 Words   |  46 Pagesevidence-based practices. Frequently, I have learned that additional learning, though books and deep inquiries from my fellow colleagues have supplemented the theorizing process and coherent with the grounded theory methodology where evaluation of literature applied often transpires after the commencement of the original data and theorizing. I have encountered peak events throughout my career; peak in the sense that, there are some competencies required within the profession that are significant inRead MoreTreatment of Cbt Did7718 Words   |  31 Pagesunderstand the complexity of this disorder. Most often DID clients undergo predominantly individual psychotherapy to help them integrate their fragmented parts or personalities usually taking an average of 5 to 7 years. Although there is limited literature on the use of systemic therapy with DID clients, family therapy approaches can be used to conceptualize the treatment of the DID client and their family members. This article discusses how individual psychotherapy from a systemic perspective canRead MoreOccupational Stress: Causes and Management11211 Words   |  45 Pagesor as a result of workplace conditions being unfavorable. Aims and objectives The aim of this project is to review evidence available on occupational stress and how it can be monitored scientifically. It will also help to create an understanding of occupational stress and its effects in order to create solutions for monitoring and decreasing workplace stress. The project will review studies that have been conducted on sources of workplace stress, its effects and how organizations can introduceRead MoreHolistic Approach14986 Words   |  60 Pagesstandard approaches to holistic care: * Complementary medicine, which includes conventional medical treatment in conjunction with holistic therapies; * Alternative medicine, which is used in the place of conventional treatment; and * Integrative medicine, which combines mainstream medical therapy with holistic treatments for which there does exist some substantial scientific evidence as to the safety and effectiveness of the holistic approach . 5 main categories of holistic approach Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesplay supports the learning and development that is described in the preschool learning foundations. In a recent report, the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) calls for early educators to make play a regular part of the daily curriculum and be responsive to the needs of each student. In addition, a recent report from the American Academy of Pediatrics concludes that play is vitally important for healthy brain development. These reports, as well as many others

Animal use in Medical Research Free Essays

The use of animals in medical researches has saved and also improved the quality of lives of many people and animals as well. Medicines, techniques and procedures currently used in diagnosing and curing diseases have been made easier by using animals in research. This has greatly helped to understand how the body works. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal use in Medical Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of these researches are conducted in universities, hospitals and other institutes to find cures that reduce the death of human beings and at the same time the animals themselves (Understanding Animal Research, 2010). Initially, most deaths were occurred as a result of infections and diseases and it was not until 1900 that developments were made to put an end to the deaths due to the introduction of animal testing (Understanding Animal Research, 2010). Major medical breakthroughs such as the discovery of anesthesia, artificial respiration, germ theory and the discovery of the AIDS causing virus have been arrived at as a result of animal testing (Understanding Animal Research, 2010). Medical research that uses animals should be continued as it aids in saving lives. Use of animals for medical research is cruel and immoral Dissection of animals is also known as vivisection which can either be done either in part or completely and later the findings used in medical research (Monamy, 2000). Alternatively, animal reactions to different substances can be monitored from their behavior. In his research, Monamy recognizes the use of animals in conducting experiments in medicine fields such as psychology, physiology, biology and improvements in medical technology. However, animal rights activists consider actions inflicted to animals in the process of research as a form of cruelty, terming the actions as against the moral obligations of human beings to animals. Animal rights campaigners claim that animals possess moral rights and thus it is wrong for human beings to use them for experimental purposes (White, 2008). The findings of investigation on the morality of animals shows that a morally considerable creature as one that can be morally wronged. This is a capability that is generalized to be possessed by human beings despite there being no clear proof of any other animal with the same ability (Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, 2003). According to Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, a claim that human beings are more morally competent than animals grants them the ability to make decisions that affect both animals and human beings (2003). Also, this makes the human beings responsible for activities that enhance the dignity of all forms of life on earth. It has led to the development of processes and substances that ensure that life is habitable for both human and non-human beings. In the light of this view, proponents of animal testing have continued to cite this as a reason for the execution of animal testing. In contrast, there has been a revelation of animals exhibiting feelings, especially primates. They have social ties with each other. This was discovered by their abilities to show emotions when one of them died after being depressed (2003). Other animals too have been proven to demonstrate high degrees of mental sophistication (White, 2008). In his book, Contemporary Moral Problems† White claims that this argument accords them the moral right to be respected and not to be used in experiments. Birds such as parrots, mynahs and magpies are seen to be mentally competent (2008, pp. 347). More supporters of animal rights claim that animals have inherent value. Thus, they believe that every creature has the will to live its life free from pain or suffering like the one that may be caused by medical tests (Singer, 1975). All beings are entitled to similar considerations in view of their capacity to be alive (Singer, 1975). In his book named â€Å"Animal liberation: a new ethics for our treatment of animals† Singer explains that the capacity of some animals of the group of higher vertebrates to feel pain must not be ignored. He relates it to the ability of human beings to feel the same and hence the need to respect moral rights of animals. According to Singer, the fact that human beings continue to accord moral respect to retarded human beings and those considered to have lost their capacity for what is considered moral rights, is being unfair to animals. He adds that â€Å"lack of moral rigths† has led to animals being slaughtered for food and continously used in medical experiments (1975). How to cite Animal use in Medical Research, Essays

Original Message Essay Example For Students

Original Message Essay Men From: Jacquelyn Ty James To: emailprotected Sent: Wednesday, January 02, 2002 11:01 AMSubject: Fw: Men-Original Message-From: michell and jt williamsDate: Wednesday, January 02, 2002 11:13:33 AMTo: shelly and girls waugh; shawn truesdale; emailprotected; russ and mary foust; roxie shoemaker; Nikki Neff; nate williams; Megan; Lee and Barb Fetzer; joe crable; Jacquelyn Rebekah James; dawn rayburn; daletina stidam; CHARLES RIGHTER; Anita Hoffina; Alyssa DunhamSubject: Fw: Men-Original Message-From: samDate: Tuesday, January 01, 2002 6:57:22 PMTo: michell and jt williamsSubject: Fw: Men Original Message From: adavis To: Terry Casperson ; SHIRLEY DAVIS ; Sam Nikki ; Robin White ; MIKE BRINKMAN ; Mike Ann ; Gene Fay ; DANA Sent: Thursday, December 27, 2001 10:37 PMSubject: Fw: Men Original Message From: Nancy M Davis To: emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailpro tected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected Sent: Tuesday, December 25, 2001 10:32 PMSubject: Men 1. The nice men are ugly. 2. The handsome men are not nice. 3. The handsome and nice men are gay. 4. The handsome, nice and heterosexual men are married. 5. The men who are not so handsome, but are nice men, have no money. 6. The men who are not so handsome, but are nice men with money think we are only after their money. 7. The handsome men without money are after our money. 8. The handsome men, who are not so nice and somewhat heterosexual, dont think we are beautiful; enough. ; ; 9. The men who think we are beautiful, that are; heterosexual,somewhat nice and have money, are; cowards. ; ; 10.The men who are somewhat handsome, somewhat nice; and have some money and thank God are heterosexual,; are shy and NEVER MAKE THE FIRST MOVE!!!!; ; 11.The men who never make the first move,; automatically lose interest in us when we take the; initiative. ; ; NOW..WHO UNDERSTANDS MEN?; ; Men are like a fine wine. They all start out like; grapes, and its our job to stomp on them and keep them in the dark until they mature into something youd like to have dinner; with. ; ; SEND THIS TO SMART WOMEN WHO NEED A LAUGH AND; ; TO THE GUYS YOU THINK CAN HANDLE IT!; Original Message From: Jacquelyn Ty James To: emailprotected Sent: Wednesday, January 02, 2002 11:01 AMSubject: Fw: Men-Original Message-From: michell and jt williamsDate: Wednesday, January 02, 2002 11:13:33 AMTo: shelly and girls waugh; shawn truesdale; emailprotected; russ and mary foust; roxie shoemaker; Nikki Neff; nate williams; Megan; Lee and Barb Fetzer; joe crable; Jacquelyn Rebekah James; dawn rayburn; daletina stidam; CHARLES RIGHTER; Anita Hoffina; Alyssa DunhamSubject: Fw: Men-Original Message-From: samDate: Tuesday, January 01, 2002 6:57:22 PMTo: michell and jt williamsSubject: Fw: Men Original Message From: adavis To: Terry Casperson ; SHIRLEY DAVIS ; Sam Nikki ; Robin White ; MIKE BRINKMAN ; Mike Ann ; Gene Fay ; DANA Sent: Thursday, December 27, 2001 10:37 PMSubject: Fw: Men Original Message From: Nancy M Davis To: emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emai lprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected ; emailprotected Sent: Tuesday, December 25, 2001 10:32 PMSubject: Men 1. The nice men are ugly. .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .postImageUrl , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:hover , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:visited , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:active { border:0!important; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:active , .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41973c7eb8c26172963c1c9c02160d3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Inaugural Address on Judgment Day Essay 2. The handsome men are not nice. 3. The handsome and nice men are gay. 4. The handsome, nice and heterosexual men are married. 5. The men who are not so handsome, but are nice men, have no money. 6. The men who are not so handsome, but are nice men with money think we are only after their money. 7. The handsome men without money are after our money. 8. The handsome men, who are not so nice and somewhat heterosexual, dont think we are beautiful enough. 9. The men who think we are beautiful, that are heterosexual,somewhat nice and have money, are cowards. 10.The men who are somewhat handsome, somewhat nice and have some money and thank God are heterosexual, are shy and NEVER MAKE THE FIRST MOVE!!!! 11.The men who never make the first move, automatically lose interest in us when we take the initiative. NOW..WHO UNDERSTANDS MEN? Men are like a fine wine. They all start out like grapes, and its our job to stomp on them and keep them in the dark until they mature into something youd like to have dinner with. SEND THIS TO SMART WOMEN WHO NEED A LAUGH AND TO THE GUYS YOU THINK CAN HANDLE IT! ____________________________________________________IncrediMail Email has finally evolved Click Here ____________________________________________________IncrediMail Email has finally evolved Click Here

Ambiguous Words essays

Ambiguous Words essays Essay Question: Southerners maintained that secession was the ultimate expression of democracy, while Lincoln claimed it was rejection of democracy. How did they explain and justify their principles. On December 20, 1860, the Confederacy was born when South Carolina seceded from the federal Union. The Union and the Confederacy severely clashed in their views on the Constitution; the South felt that individual states should have the right to nullify laws, while Abraham Lincoln believed the federal government should appoint representatives for individual states. The South and Abraham Lincoln contrasted sharply on the idea of secession because the Constitution was ambiguous regarding Immediately following the election of Lincoln, the southern secessionists wanted to separate from the Union. Southerners feared that the Republican victory in 1860 would interfere in their domestic concernsparticularly their right to property and slaves as guaranteed by the fifth amendment of the Bill of Rights (Jones 24). As a result, the state of South Carolina held a convention and voted to secede from the Union. Following South Carolinas lead, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas also seceded. Their growing minority status had left them vulnerable to northern oppression; their right to withdraw from the governing pact remained a fundamental precept of the Declaration of Independence (24). Representatives from each state convened on February 1860, to create the Confederate States of America. Although this document was roughly based on the Constitution, it assigned limits on the governments power to impose tariffs and restrictions on slavery. The southerners felt that they needed to create a new constitution because the preamble to the Constitution . . . does not propose to make the old Union more perfect, but to for...

Arthurian Romance

Arthurian Romance King Arthur has been an important figure in English literature since singers and story-tellers first described his great exploits in the 6th-century. Of course, the legend of   King Arthur has been appropriated by many story-tellers and  poets, who have embellished upon the first, most modest tales. Part of the intrigue of the stories, which became part of Arthurian romance, though, is the mixture of myth, adventure, love, enchantment, and tragedy. The magic and intrigue of these stories invite even more far-fetched and elaborate interpretations. While these stories and bits of  poetry depict a utopian society of long ago, though, they also reflect the society from which they were (and are being) created. By comparing Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Morte dArthur with  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Tennysons Idylls of the King, we see the evolution of the Arthurian myth. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Defined as narrative, written in prose or verse and concerned with adventure, courtly love and chivalry, Arthurian romance derived the narrative verse form from 12th-century France. The anonymous 14th-century English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the most widely recognized example of Arthurian romance. Although little is known about this poet, who we may refer to as the Gawain or Pearl-Poet, the poem seems fairly typical of Arthurian Romance. Here, a magical creature (the Green Knight) has challenged a noble knight to a seemingly impossible task, in the pursuit of which he meets fierce beasts and the temptation of a beautiful woman. Of course, the young knight, in this case, Gawain, displays courage, skill and chivalric courtesy in overcoming his foe. And, of course, it seems fairly cut-and-dried. Beneath the surface, though, we seem some very different features. Framed by the treachery of  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Troy, the poem links two main plot motifs: the beheading game, in which the two parties agree to an exchange of blows with an ax, and the exchange of winnings, in this case involving temptation that tests Sir Gawains courtesy, courage, and loyalty. The Gawain-Poet appropriates these themes from other folklore and romance to accomplish a moral agenda, as each of these motifs is linked to the quest and ultimate failure of Gawain. In the context of the society in which he lives, Gawain faces not only the complexity of obeying God, King, and Queen and following all of the overlapping contradictions which his position as knight entails, but he becomes a sort of mouse in a much bigger game of heads, sex, and violence. Of course, his honor is constantly at stake as well, which makes him feel as though he has no choice but to play the game, listening and trying to obey as many of the rules as he can along the way. In the end, his attempt fails. Sir Thomas Malory: Morte DArthur The chivalric code was slipping away even in the 14th-century when the anonymous Gawain-Poet was putting pen to paper. By the time of Sir Thomas Malory and his Morte DArthur in the 15th-century, feudalism was becoming even more obsolete. We see in the earlier poem a fairly realistic treatment of the Gawain story. As we move to Malory, we see a continuation of the chivalric code, but other features demonstrate the transition that literature is making at the end of the Medieval period as we move into the Renaissance. While the Middle Ages still had promise, it was also a time of great change. Malory must have known that the ideal of chivalry was dying out. From his perspective, order falls into chaos. The fall of the Round Table represents the destruction of the feudal system, with all its attachments to chivalry.Although Malory was known as a man of violent temperaments, he was the first English writer to make prose as sensitive an instrument of narrative as English poetry has always been. During a period of imprisonment, Malory composed, translated, and adapted his great rendering of Arthurian material, which is the most complete treatment of the story. The French Arthurian Prose Cycle (1225-1230) served as his primary source, along with the 14th-century English Alliterative Morte dArthur and the Stanzaic Morte. Taking these, and possibly other, sources, he disentangled the threads of narration and reintegrated them into his own creation.The characters in this work stand in stark contrast to the Gawain, Arthur, and Guinevere of earlier works. Arthur is much weaker than we usually imagine, as he is ultimately unable to control his own knights and the events of his kingdom. Arthurs ethics fall prey to the situation; his anger blinds him, and he is unable to see that the people he loves can and will betray him. Throughout Morte d Arthur, we notice the Wasteland of characters that cluster together at Camelot. We know the ending (that Camelot must eventually fall into its spiritual Wasteland, that Guenevere will flee with Launcelot, that Arthur will fight Launcelot, leaving the door open for his son Mordred to take over – reminiscent of the Biblical King David and his son Absalom – and that Arthur and Mordred will die, leaving Camelot in turmoil). Nothing–not love, courage, fidelity, faithfulness, or worthiness – can save Camelot, even if this chivalric code could have held up under the pressure. None of the knights are good enough. We see that not even Arthur (or especially Arthur) is not good enough to sustain such an  ideal. In the end, Guenevere dies in a nunnery; Launcelot dies six months later, a holy man. Tennyson: Idylls of the King From the tragic tale of Lancelot and the fall of his whole world, we jump to Tennysons rendition of Malorys tale in Idylls of the King. The Middle Ages was a time of glaring contradictions and contrasts, a time when chivalric masculinity was the impossible ideal. Jumping forward so many years, we see the reflection of a new society upon Arthurian romance. In the 19th-century, there was a resurgence of Medievalist practices. Extravagant mock-tournaments and pseudo-castles took attention away from the problems that society was facing, in the industrialization and disintegration of cities, and the poverty and marginalization of vast numbers of people.The Medieval period  presents chivalrous masculinity as an impossible ideal, while Tennysons​  Victorian approach is tempered with a great deal of expectation that ideal manhood could be achieved. While we see a rejection of the pastoral, in this era, we also notice a dark manifestation of the ideology governing the separate sphe res and the ideal of domesticity. Society has changed; Tennyson reflects this evolution in many of the ways he presents problems, passions, and strife. Tennysons version of the events that shroud Camelot is remarkable in its depth and imagination. Here, the poet traces the birth of a king, the building of the Round Table, its existence, its disintegration, and the final passing of the King. He traces the rise and fall of a civilization in scope, writing about love, heroism, and conflict all in relation to a nation. Be he is still drawing from Malorys work, so Tennysons details only embellish upon what we already expect from such an Arthurian romance. To the story, too, he adds an emotional and psychological depth that was lacking in earlier versions. Conclusions: Tightening the Knot So, through the gap of time from the Medieval literature of the 14th and 15th-century to the Victorian era, we see a dramatic change in the presentation of the Arthurian tale. Not only are the Victorians much more hopeful that the  idea  of proper behavior will work, but the whole frame of the story becomes a representation of a falling/failing of the Victorian civilization. If women would only be more pure and faithful, it is surmised, the ideal presumably would hold up under the disintegrating society. It is interesting to see how these codes of behavior evolved over time to fit the needs of writers, and indeed of the people as a whole. Of course, in the evolution of the stories, we see an evolution in characterization. While Gawain is an ideal knight in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, representing a more Celtic ideal, he becomes increasingly mean and conniving as Malory and Tennyson sketch him with words.Of course, this change in characterization is also a difference in the n eeds of the plot. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain is the individual who stands against chaos and magic in the attempt to bring order back to Camelot. He must represent the ideal, even if that chivalric code is not good enough to stand up completely to the demands of the situation.As we progress onward to Malory and Tennyson, Gawain becomes a character in the background, thus a negative or evil character that works against our hero, Lancelot. In the later versions, we see the inability of the chivalric code to stand up. Gawain is corrupted by anger, as he leads Arthur further astray and prevents the king from reconciling with Lancelet. Even our hero of these later tales, Lancelet, is not able to hold up under the pressures of his responsibility to both the king and the queen. We see the change in Arthur, as he becomes increasingly  weak, unable to hold the kingdom together with his human powers of persuasion, but more than that, we see a dramatic change in Guinevere, as she is presented a s more human, even though she still represents the ideal and thus the cult of true womanhood in some sense. In the end, Tennyson allows Arthur to forgive her. We see a humanity, a depth of personality in Tennysons Guinevere that Malory and the Gawain-Poet  were  not able to accomplish.

Case Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Report - Essay Example The importance of the right of the accused to be assisted with a counsel before answering questions during custodial investigation was the significant principle laid down in this case. The â€Å"Miranda rights† is referred to as the right of the accused to a counsel which has the following wordings: You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to have an attorney present during questioning. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you." Absence of the Miranda rights shall render the admission of the accused as inadmissible in evidence and shall be regarded as the fruit of a poisonous tree. Further, any statement obtained from the accused by the police during custodial investigation shall not be admitted as evidence during trial unless it can be proven that the accused voluntarily offered the confession after having been informed of his rights and fully understanding the consequen ces of his actions, with or without assistance of a counsel, which shall be considered as a valid waiver on his part. On March of 1963, the accused, Ernesto Arturo Miranda from Phoenix, Arizona, was arrested following the charge of rape and kidnapping of an 18-year-old movie theater  attendant. During custodial investigation, he confessed commission of the crimes of robbery and attempted rape. During trial, his confession, together with the testimony of the victim were used against him, despite the objections of his counsel. The officers who interrogated Miranda admitted also admitted during the trial that Miranda was not advised that he had a right to have an attorney present. His counsel argued that his Fifth Amendment rights against self incrimination were violated. Superior Court Judge Yale Mc Fate held that the confession is admissible as evidence. Thus, Miranda was convicted and sentenced to 20 to 30 years in prison to be served